Do you know about - Management of Situations of Drowning
Vagal Afib! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.Drowning is the pathological state leading to death resulting from the aspiration of water into the respiratory tract or asphyxia due to immersion. More than 2 million people die annually of drowning, 25% in sea and 75% in inland waters. Classically, two types of drowning have been recognized-dry drowning and wet drowning. In dry drowning, death is due to laryngeal spasm which proves fatal in 20% of subjects. This also prevents the entry of water into the lungs.
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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Vagal Afib.In wet drowning, water enters the lungs. The consequences differ between fresh water and sea water drowning. In fresh water drowning, water is rapidly absorbed in the lungs, leading to hemodilution and hemolysis with release of potassium from the red blood cells. In addition to hypoxia and ventilatory failure, hyperkalemia precipitates, ventricular fibrillation which may prove fatal.
In salt water drowning, the fluid in the lung is hyperosmotic. It absorbs more fluid into the alveoli, causing pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Hypernatremia follows later when the salt is absorbed into the circulation. In addition to the metabolic and local effects, impurities and contaminants give rise to local infection.
Secondary drowning or near-drowning occurs a few hours or a few days after the initial resuscitation due o the secondary changes in the lungs such as pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pneumothorax, electrolyte disturbances and metabolic or respiratory acidosis. This accounts for 25% of deaths.
Immersion syndrome: In this, sudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest caused by vagal stimulation brought about by sudden immersion into cold water.
Pathology and Clinical Features
Lungs: Pulmonary edema develops in lungs. Fresh water interferes with surfactant leading to formation of hyaline membrane and atelectasis and hypoxemia. Aspiration of foreign particles and bacterial infection leads to atelectasis and pneumonia or lung abscess.
Heart: Arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest may occur. Electrocardiogram may show nonspecific changes due to asphyxia.
Kidneys: Acute tubular necrosis may develop in near-drowning in fresh water due to hemolysis and prolonged hypotension.
Finally, Asphyxia leads to loss of consciousness, cerebral edema and convulsions. Sequelae of anoxic encephalopathy such as transient hemiparesis, quadriparesis, choreoathetosis, aphasia and faciobrachial weakness may develop.
Even though more and more people are beginning to see the need of acquiring the swimming skills year in year out, the cases of drowning are still high, especially in the tropics, Asia in particular. So, the significance of the management of any drowning situation cannot be over-emphasized in any way.
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